Dr. Laux advises 'the most important thing for the public to understand is the role they play keeping animals, especially cats, from eating raw meat, and ensuring no one's consuming uncooked poultry or unpasteurized milk'
As cases of avian influenza continue to surface across the United States, Dr. Kathleen Laux of Rondout Valley Veterinary Associates is urging poultry owners and small-scale farmers to take proactive measures to protect both their animals – and themselves – from this highly contagious virus.
Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a strain of flu specific to birds, but under certain conditions, it can spread to other animals and even humans. The current dominant strain, H5N1, has been particularly troubling due to its high pathogenicity and ease of transmission.
"Flu among poultry is spread through droplets in the air, so it's very contagious among them," said Dr. Laux.
While cattle often show few symptoms, they can still contribute to the spread of the virus through unpasteurized milk, which poses a threat to cats and potentially to humans. Cats – particularly those living on farms or allowed outdoors – are among the most susceptible non-avian species. They can become infected by consuming raw poultry or drinking milk from infected cows.
"Most people that have reported to have the avian flu are workers who either work on dairy farms or poultry farms," Dr. Laux added.
Although Rondout Valley Veterinary Associates has not yet treated any confirmed cases of avian flu, the illness is always a consideration, particularly when a cat presents with fever, lethargy or neurologic symptoms like tremors and seizures.
For small-scale or backyard poultry farmers, limiting exposure between domestic flocks and wild birds is critical. "You really want to keep your poultry away from wild birds and natural sources," Dr. Laux said. "That's challenging because it's airborne, so you'd need barriers that can stop droplets from coughing or sneezing."
If a bird becomes ill or dies unexpectedly, farmers are urged to report it. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) offers testing for deceased birds to determine if avian flu is the cause. In suspected cases, swift action is necessary: "Cull that animal and remove it from the herd to try and prevent spread to other animals."
Despite public concern, poultry and eggs remain safe to eat – if properly cooked. The virus is killed when meat and eggs are cooked to an internal temperature of at least 165°F.
Nevertheless, the virus is already impacting the food supply. Widespread culling of poultry flocks has contributed to rising prices for eggs and chicken.
For the latest information on avian influenza outbreaks and safety protocols, Dr. Laux recommends staying informed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
"I think the most important thing for the public to understand is the role they play – keeping animals, especially cats, from eating raw meat, and ensuring no one's consuming uncooked poultry or unpasteurized milk," Dr. Laux said.
With informed action and community vigilance, both farmers and families can help stop the spread of avian influenza – and safeguard the health of animals and people alike.